A structural decomposition-based diagnosis method for dynamic process systems using HAZID information

A novel diagnosis method is proposed in this paper that uses the results of the blended HAZID analysis extended to the dynamic case of process systems controlled by operational procedures. The algorithm is capable of finding fault root causes in process systems using nominal and observed possible faulty operational procedure execution traces. The algorithm uses the structural decomposition of the process system and its component-level dynamic HAZID (P-HAZID) tables and executes the diagnosis component-wise by first decomposing the observed execution traces, and then assembling the diagnosis results. The exact structure of the algorithm is also discussed, followed by two case studies on which its operation is demonstrated.     

Dynamic approach to risk management: Application to the Hoeganaes metal dust accidents

Several major accidents caused by metal dusts were recorded in the past few years. For instance, in 2011, three accidents caused by iron dust killed five workers at the Hoeganaes Corp. facility in Gallatin, Tennessee (USA). In order to prevent such accidents, a dynamic approach to risk management was defined in this study. The method is able to take into account new risk notions and early warnings and to systematically update the related risk. It may be applied not only in the design phase of a system, but also throughout the system lifetime as a support to a more precise and robust decision making process. The synergy of two specific techniques for hazard identification and risk assessment was obtained: the Dynamic Procedure for Atypical Scenarios Identification (DyPASI) and the Dynamic Risk Assessment (DRA) methods. To demonstrate its effectiveness, this approach was applied to the analysis of Gallatin metal dust accidents. The application allowed collecting a number of risk notions related to the plant, equipment and materials used. The analysis of risk notions by means of this dynamic approach could have led to enhanced hazard identification and dynamic real-time risk assessment. However, the approach described is effective only if associated to a proper safety culture, in order to produce an appropriate and robust decision making response to emerging risk issues.     

科学识别环境健康传导链的六大特征

区域环境污染情景特点决定了环境健康传导链的具体特征,不同环境污染情景下环境健康传导链在目标污染物、目标区域、主要介质、潜在暴露途径、目标人群、健康效应等六个方面具有显著的差异.科学识别环境健康传导链的六大特征是环境污染情景分析和识别具体区域环境健康问题特征的关键环节,是制定环境健康危害调查技术方案和解决环境健康问题的技术基础.     

气藏型地下储气库完整性管理体系及风险识别

为保证气藏型储气库安全运营,保障天然气储配调峰系统的正常运转,对气藏型储气库进行完整性管理及风险识别.明确气藏型地下储气库完整性管理的对象为地面站场系统、储气库井、地质体3大模块,以地质体完整性管理为气藏型储气库完整性管理的特点及难点,并基于管道完整性管理的理念;提出气藏型储气库完整性管理的6步循环:数据采集,单元识别...     

基于物联网的土壤样品库建设与实践

为满足国家土壤样品制备与流转中心(华北分中心)及北京市土壤样品库的流转与存储需求,采用了一种基于物联网的智能土壤样品库建设方案。通过射频识别、气动传输、智能存取、信息关联与信息管理系统等技术手段,除可满足国家土壤环境监测样品制备、流转和质量控制的基本需求外,实现了对暂存土壤样品和长期保存土壤样品的智能化、自动化、信息化和规范化保存。该样品库的建设实践为环境样品的智能化、自动化和信息化存储提供了全新的方案,其设计思路可为各部门土壤等环境样品库的建设和管理提供借鉴。     

多角度辨识压裂套管变形的失效影响因素

页岩气开发具有施工压力大、排量大、改造规模大的特点,使得压裂套管处于复杂力学环境中。挤压、剪切和弯曲等载荷共同作用,易引发套管挤毁变形,进而导致后续作业时井下工具下入遇阻。但目前研究多针对压裂套管的单一失效原因,难以保障其完整可靠性。鉴于此,针对页岩气大规模压裂作业特点,从不同薄弱位置（如垂直段、造斜段、水平段）、不同自身规格（如钢级、外径、壁厚）和不同约束条件（如内压、孔径、螺距）等多角度,系统辨识套管变形的失效影响因素。通过建立压裂套管三维模拟的有限元模型,分析套管内压变化引起套管应力、位移的变化规律及形态,明确套管变形的大小以及与载荷变化的关系,并揭示套管变形的位置及影响因素的临界值。结果表明:压裂套管的造斜段最大变形、水平段应力集中现象较为严重,属于危险脆弱点;且套管最大应力、最大位移随内压的增加而近似成线性降低关系。     

The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review

• Emission of microbe from local environments is a main source of bioaerosols. • Regional transport is another important source of the bioaerosols. • There are many factors affecting the diffusion and transport of bioaerosols. • Source identification method uncovers the contribution of sources of bioaerosols. Recent pandemic outbreak of the corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised widespread concerns about the importance of the bioaerosols. They are atmospheric aerosol particles of biological origins, mainly including bacteria, fungi, viruses, pollen, and cell debris. Bioaerosols can exert a substantial impact on ecosystems, climate change, air quality, and public health. Here, we review several relevant topics on bioaerosols, including sampling and detection techniques, characterization, effects on health and air quality, and control methods. However, very few studies have focused on the source apportionment and transport of bioaerosols. The knowledge of the sources and transport pathways of bioaerosols is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the role microorganisms play in the atmosphere and control the spread of epidemic diseases associated with them. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the up to date progress on the source characteristics, source identification, and diffusion and transport process of bioaerosols. We intercompare three types of diffusion and transport models, with a special emphasis on a widely used mathematical model. This review also highlights the main factors affecting the source emission and transport process, such as biogeographic regions, land-use types, and environmental factors. Finally, this review outlines future perspectives on bioaerosols.     

进口初级产物类物品的固体废物属性鉴别研究

利用红外光谱、气相色谱/质谱联用、液相色谱/质谱联用、核磁共振波谱、原子发射光谱、凝胶渗透色谱、X-射线荧光光谱等多种分析方法,剖析了申报进口的一个未知有机物品的组分、含量和理化指标;阐述了进口物品的产生来源,探讨了其固体废物属性。结果表明,样品不属于固体废物。呈现了一个以回收物料为原料加工的未知有机初级产物固体废物属性鉴别的全过程,为从事进口固体废物相关的人员提供参考,另外,初级产物固体废物属性鉴别非常复杂,建议制定详细的鉴别标准。     

固体废物属性鉴别有关问题的思考

固体废物属性鉴别在进口废物管理方面具有重要作用,是口岸加强进口废物监管的重要技术支持依据。在进口物品固体废物属性鉴别中,各鉴别机构可能会遇到很多难以把握的问题。对固体废物属性鉴别关键问题进行思考,包括首要解决的问题、标准或规范的使用、鉴别的三个“键节点;过程产物的判断、特性分析、二次再生资源加工产物的判断等6个方面。     

未知含铜物料固体废物属性鉴别研究

以某未知样品为研究对象,综合样品外观及物理、化学等特性,分析得出样品具有和铜冶炼渣一致的特征,含有特征物相——铁橄榄石,成分与铜精炼炉渣类似,而且其碳含量较高,含有少许金属铜,可以判断样品为铜;台炼渣。经过破碎、研磨、浮选得篓Ⅱ精炼渣（铜精矿）,可作为炼铜原料投入生产。